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Pale pencil and white gouache sketch of a wide cataract with dark rocky ledges along a flat horizon, with a small tower at the left.

Horseshoe Falls, Niagara River, Canada

A pale graphite and white gouache sketch on gray-green paper shows a broad cataract edged by dark, rocky ledges that spill over a flat horizon. A small tower stands at the far left, and faint highlights suggest rushing water and mist.

Artist
Frederic Edwin Church
Date
1856 or 1858
Medium
Graphite and white gouache on gray-green wove paper; verso: graphite
Source
Smithsonian (Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum)
Size
4000 × 2558 px
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Public domain · Smithsonian (Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum) releases this image under CC0 (latest date 1858).
Rights checked 2026-11-05 · tier A · as stated by the source: CC0 (Smithsonian Open Access)

Credit (appreciated, not required for public-domain works): Smithsonian Institution, Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum